Inelastic proton scattering from Ba and Sm at 30 MeV

Measurements of the inelastic scattering of 30 MeV protons from ¹³⁸Ba and ¹⁴⁴Sm have been carried out with 7–10 keV energy resolution. Differential cross sections were measured for levels up through 3.4 MeV excitation energy. For most of these states J^π assignments are suggested on the basis of angular distributions distinctly characteristic of angular momentum transfer L = 2, 3, 4,or 6.     

Structural investigation of (CuI)0.45–(Ag2WO4)0.55 solid electrolyte using X-ray photoelectron and laser Raman spectroscopies

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and laser Raman scattering (LRS) techniques have been employed to investigate the structure of amorphous (CuI)_0.45–(Ag₂WO₄)_0.55 solid electrolyte sample. XPS results reveal the presence of both Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions whereas tungsten is found to exist only in the oxidation state of +6. The deconvolution of the O 1s spectrum into non-bridging and bridging oxygen atoms in conjunction with the laser Raman analysis tend to show that the amorphous (CuI)_0.45–(Ag₂WO₄)_0.55 solid electrolyte sample is composed mostly of octahedral WO₆ units that probably form [W₄O₁₆]⁸⁻ tetramer clusters, the existence of which is unique in the case of oxyhalide glasses.     

The development of redox-modified electrodes as charge-accumulating devices for use in higher sensitivity detection systems

Electrochemical methods can be applied in a number of ways as detection systems for competitive immunoassays, especially through the use of redox-labelled antigens. To overcome the problem of detection of such conjugates at low concentration, a system is described in which a poly(vinylferrocene)-modified glassy carbon electrode is used to accumulate charge from solution glucose/glucose oxidase via the intermediacy of a redox-labelled antigen, cycled repeatedly between the enzyme and the electrode. The charge accumulated by the electrode is measured electrochemically by returning the electrode to its original potential and integrating the resulting current-time transient. The charge is proportional to the concentration of redox-labelled antigen in solution and to the charge-accumulation time. In this way 1,1'-dimethylferrocene-ethan-1-ol-2-amine was reproducibly detected to 0.9 nM, with a 10 min incubation period. The 8-ferrocenyl conjugate of theophylline was characterised as a model system for possible application in a higher sensitivity electrochemical immunoassay.     

A probe of the relative rate of interconversion of carbonium ion conformers vs proton loss in 9-hydroxy-10-methyldecahydronaphthalenes

Deutero-alcohol (2b) was prepared and dehydrated with H₂SO₄Ac₂OHOAc to give a kinetic isotope effect demonstrating anion mobility within the intermediate carbocation-anion ion pair.